Uas Interpreting

Hey today I shared to you my Final test  for interpreting class. I used this video for completing my course in making video subtitle for Interpreting class taught by Mr. Budianto Hamuddin, M.Esl.

Tugas Interpreting 2 Indonesia Subtitile

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Tugas Interpreting 1 English Subtitle

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Sociolinguistics Mid – Test

Sociolinguistics Mid – Test

 

1.   What is sociolinguisics ?

Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect any and all aspects of society,including cultural norms,expections,and the way language is used.sociolinguistics also study grammar,phonetics,vocabulary,and other aspects of this socielect much as dialectologistwould study the same for  a regional dialect.Sociolinguistics is the effect of the society on the language,while the latter’s focus is on the language’s effect on the society.

The branch of sociolinguistics focuses on language as a social phenomenon. If we take a closer look at the use of language within society, we find that, characteristically, speakers can be distinguished from each other and distinguish themselves from other speakers by their different use of language. Thus, while two speakers may use the same language they usually do not show the same linguistic behaviour. Instead, linguistic variation – stylistically, regionally, and socially – is a typical feature of language use in society.

That is, based on their individual communicative competence, speakers can vary their language systematically (1) with respect to the communicative demands of the speech situation, (2) depending on where they come from regionally, and (3) based on their social background which is determined by socioeconomic status, age or ethnicity.

2   2. Why do we learn sociolinguistics ?

Benefits we learning  of sociolinguistics

Studying linguistics not only teaches you about languages, but also improves practical and intellectual skills!

→Teamwork skill Linguistics research involves talking with native speakers of different languages and collaborating with a team to develop experiments.  Thus, a linguist gains much experience working with a group of people with diverse language and academic backgrounds. Linguistics is a global science, so the community is a diverse team. ·         .Critical Thinking and Analytical skills Linguistics are engaged in the scientific research process, from finding data, analyzing them, and then forming conclusions regarding patterns or regulations.  ü  Written and Oral Communication  Linguistic research requires writing papers, giving presentations, and creating projects.  Thus, linguistics teaches the skills necessary to communicate efficiently using evidence and arguments.  ü  Information Literacy  Because linguists read through large amounts of data, including texts, audios, and videos, they are trained to search for essential information among piles of data. Through this process,sociolinguistics gain intuition as to where and how to approach information.  ü  Logical Reasoning Linguistics involves solving puzzles, whether it is trying to decipher the grammar of a new language or understanding the patterns of sounds.  These puzzles require linguists to search for patterns and regulations, which builds logical reasoning skills.

3   3.What is the relation between language and society ?

        The relation between language and society is deeply rooted. Language performs various functions in the society and the society does the same way. If one will not exist, the other one will be affected.Language is the primary tool for communication purposes, for establishing peace and order in our society, for showing authority and power, and for attaining goals and objectives. But, it can also destruct the society if it will use inappropriately. It must follow the conformity governing the society to avoid conflict s and to meet the boundary of individual differences.

Society however controls our language by giving us preferences as what are acceptable and not, because each one of us has our own perception or point of view. A group of people may accept our language, but for others, it could be kind of offence or insult. We must know how, when and where to say it and for what purpose.Social changes produce changes in language. This affects values in ways that have not been accurately understood. Language incorporates social values. However, social values are only the same as linguistic values when the society is a stable and unchanging one. Once society starts changing, then language change produces special effects.

 

     5. please mention and explain the branches of linguistics ?

®    Phonetics : Phonetics is the study of the sounds of speech. It includes understanding how sounds are made using the mouth, nose, teeth and tongue, and also understanding how the ear hears those sounds and can tell them apart. A study of phonetics involves practicing producing (sometimes exotic) sounds, and figuring out which sound you heard. The wave form of each sound can be analysed with the help of computer programs. In sign language, phonetics refers to the the possible shapes, movements and use of physical space.

®    Phonology : Phonology makes use of the phonetics in order to see how sounds or signs are arranged in a system for each language. In phonology, it matters whether sounds are contrastive or not, that is, whether substituting one sound for another gives a different, or "contrastive," meaning. For example in English, [r] and [l] are two different sounds - and the words "road" and "load" differ according to which of these sounds is used. But in some languages, [r] and [l] are variations of the same sound. They could never make a meaning difference in words that differ by only that sound. Phonologists describe the contrastive consonants and vowels in a language, and how pronunciation is affected by the position of the sound in the word and the sounds that are nearby. They are also interested in syllables, phrases, rhythm, tone, and intonation.

®    Morphology: Morphology looks at how individual words are formed from smaller chunks of meaningful units called morphemes. For example, the English word 'untied' is really made up of three parts, one refering to the process of reversing an action (un-), one indicating the action of twisting stringlike things together so they stay (tie), and the last indicating that the action happened in the past (-d). Many languages have a much more complex way of putting words together. Morphology interacts in important ways with both phonology (bringing sounds together can cause them to change) and syntax, which needs to pay attention to the form of a word when it combines it with other words.

®    Syntax : Syntax is the study of how phrases, clauses and sentences are constructed and combined in particular languages. Writing a grammar requires defining the rules that govern the structure of the sentences of the language. Such rules involve both the order of words, and the form of words in their various possible positions. There are common patterns among even unrelated languages, and many linguists believe this is the result of general principles which apply to most, if not all, languages. For example, languages where the direct object generally follows the verb have a lot of things in common, in contrast to the things in common held by languages in which the direct object generally precedes the verb.

                  ®    Lexicology

Lexicology is the study of lexis or stock of words in a language. We will also use the word vocabulary interchangeably with lexis. Take note that lexis and vocabulary are non-count nouns (although occasionally, you could talk about vocabularies, this would be unusual); if you need to refer to individual items, you should talk about lexical items or vocabulary items. You might also encounter the term lexicon, which (unfortunately) can be used in a couple of ways; firstly, it can be used as a more technical version of lexis; many people use it synonymously with dictionary. What must be remembered is that any dictionary can never be comprehensive in its listing of the lexis of a particular language. (You might also encounter the term lexicography which is the study of dictionaries.)

®    Semantics

 Semantics is the study of meaning. It focuses on the relation between words, phrases and other bits of language and on how these words and phrases connect to the world. Pragmatics is similar, but it involves the study of how speakers of a language use the language to communicate and accomplish what they want. Pragmatics looks more at the relationship between speaker and listener which allows assumptions to be made about the intended message, considering, for example, the way context contributes to meaning. A classic example is where someone is asked "Do you want some coffee?" Does the reply "Coffee will keep me awake" mean yes or no? It depends whether the person wants to stay awake - and the questioner will only understand the intended meaning if they know whether the person wants to stay awake. 

6     6.   What is standard language ? give an example

®    Standard language is the language used officially and formally in spoken or written, standard  language is official form of language spoken in the centers of commerce and government, school,etc.

Example : Arabic,Cantanose,Dutch, Chinese

7.Elaborating the language, dialect, and accent, please!

®    Language is the main part in variety of language, whereas Dialect is the lower part. Language is mostly used by people, while Dialect may be used in specific place or social which is called Regional dialect and  Social dialect.Dialect is the variety of vocabulary, syntax, pronunciation. Accent is variety only in pronunciation

7   8. Giving an example of formal and informal language

®    Formal language : she has done the makeup

Informal language : she’s done the makeup [contractions]

      9`What aspects of language are sociolinguistics interested in ?

®    Sociolinguists are interested in explaining why people speaak differently in different social contexts. They are concerned with the way people signal aspects of their social identity through language. Sociolinguists study the effect of social factors – such as social distance, social status, age , gender, and class – on language varieties (dialects, registers, genres, etc). Sociolinguists are also concerned with identifying the social functions of language andd the ways it is usedd to convey social meaning.

9   10.When two or more people from different language met and tried to communicate, what should they do ?

                               a.            Pidgin

                              b.            Creole

                               c.            Lingua franca

1  11.  Why do people switch and mix a language ?

®    There are many possibilities why people switch or mix language. It can be a way to learning a new word in a language, for example : when someone with a background language is Bahasa (Indonesia) will try to fit some other language words while he/she speaks, whether it English, Chinese, or Japanase, it may be a strategy to learn new word and to keep that word in mind by use it in speaking. language, it may be to suit to interlocutor.

112.  Giving an example of code switching and code mixing ?

·      Code mixing           : Hey,Assesment from miss desti,udah kamu kerjakan?

·      Code switching      : good morning guys.pagi ini,apa kabar nya?

SOCIOLINGUISTIC Group 4 About CODE SWITCHING AND MIXING

                  

   SOCIOLINGUISTIC : CODE SWITCHING AND MIXING

A. definition of CODE SWITCHING

                  Code-switching is changing event from one code to another.  Include the utterence and sentences to change to other language.

B.     definition of  CODE MIXING

                  Code-Mixing: The use of two or more language by putting in/inserting one language into other language consistently.  It just mix word or phrase.

If the speaker mixes his/her code/language, then it must be asked who the speaker is: his/her social background, level of education, religion, etc.

Such as: in english class, a students ask his friends “please accompany me to kamar mandi lah..” from these exemple we know there are two languages that has been used.

C.Questions:

 1. Question: What is the benefit we learn code switching and code mixing?

                Answer: its benefit to make creation of language among people with different style make us to know more about variation language in our life. And with code mixing help us to have ability to use two or more language.

2. Question: Is this study flexsible to use in all situation?

Answer: yes, it can be. If it makes the interlucator understand what we said.

3. Question :Differences english and arrabic code mixing?

 Answer: english and arabbic have different structure and rule to create code mixing. We have learn each code separately. Maybe in english its enough familliar for used code mixing but in arrabic its cannot flexsible to mixing in english.

sociolinguistics: Group 3 discuss about pidgns and creoles

SOCIOLINGUISTICS: PIDGINS AND CREOLES

             Pidgin is a language with no native speakers : it is no one's first language but is a contact language (only some area that understand the language).
-Limited Vocabulary

- Unstructured Sentence

           The origin of pidgin comes from colonialism trade and slavery. Pidgin language started to develop in areas where the colonists and trades come and settled.

At that time pidgin was the lingua franca for trading and a communication tool for slaves.
Have we ever heard of this expression "Long time no see" that is the simple example pidgin based on English.

               Creole is often define as a pidgin that has become the first language (mother tongue) of a new generation of speakers.Pidgin can be creole cause it is need big structure or completed sentence.

The different between pidgin and creole are:

1.Pidgin is no native speaker, while creole native speaker.

2.Pidgin is mixing of language and reduced grammar and vocabulary. Creole is mixed language associated with cultural and often racial mixture and have parents who use pidgin.

Question:

-    1.  Fajrin Suhaila

Question:Please give more explanation and example of creole!

Answer: Creole is the mixing of some language that become a new language as the first language. Creole is mother tongue. This language appears as caused of pidgins. Example: Papua New Guinea’s language. and creole

-       2.Syahfitri

Question: As a teacher candidates, what is the advantages by learning pidgins and creoles for us?
 

Answer:

Answer: *Teacher can be the bridge for students in the class which have more than one language.

*Students can be more enthusiast with the language.

-        3.Annisa Septiani

Question: What is the relationship among pidgins, creoles and Sociolinguistics?

Answer: we know that, Sociolinguistics is the study of language and society. Pidgins is used in certain situation to communicate with people who has different language. It is mixing of language with limited vocabulary and unstructured sentence while creoles is mixing of some language become a new language (mother tongue) to communicate in some area. So, pidgins and creoles have relationships with Sociolinguistics cause it happened in society.